Oceans - Outline
The State of Oceans
Potential Temperature
Salinity
Density
Density and Temperature
and Salinity
Vertical Structure of
Ocean
Mixed Layer Processes
Seasonal Variation of
Mixed Layer
Two Circulation Systems
Global Surface Currents
Six Great Current
Circuits in the World Ocean
Characteristics of the
Gyres
Major Current Names
Gulf Stream
Surface Current –
Geostrophic Gyre
Step 1: Surface Winds
Winds and Surface
Currents
Step 2: Ekman Layer
(frictional
force + Coriolis Force)
Ekman Spiral – A Result
of Coriolis Force
Formula for Ekman
Transport
How Deep is the Ekman
Layer?
Ekman Transport
Mixed Layers in the
Atmosphere and Ocean
Step 3: Geostrophic
Current
(Pressure Gradient Force + Corioils Foce)
Ekman Transport à Convergence/Divergence
Geostrophic Current
Step 4: Boundary Currents
Conservation of Potential
Vorticity
Boundary Currents
Boundary Currents
Eastern Boundary Current
Costal
Upwelling/Downwelling
Interior Upwelling /
Downwelling
Deep Ocean Circulation:
Density-Driven
Thermohaline Circulation
Two Regions of Deep Water
Formation
Ocean Water Mass
Thermohaline Conveyor
Belt
Thermohaline Conveyor
Belt