Tilt Change (Obliquity Variation)
q Over time, the tilt angle varies in a narrow
range (22.2° ~ 24.5°).
q These variations are caused by the
gravitational tug of large planets, such as
Jupiter.
q The present-day value of the tile is decreasing.
q Cyclic changes in the tilt angle occur at a
period of 41,000 years.
q Changes in tilt cause long-term variations in
seasonal solar insolation received on Earth.
q The main effect of tilt changes is to amplify or
suppress the seasons: increase tilt amplifies
seasonal differences, decreased tilt reduces
them.