Slide 1

Historical Climate Changes

Major Climate Variations Events

The Little Ice Age

What Caused the Little Ice Age?

What Caused the Twentieth-Century Warming?

Pacific Decadal Oscillation

Decadal Variations

El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

PDO and ENSO

1997-98 El Nino

1982-83 El Nino

El Nino Comparisons

Walker Circulation and Ocean Temperature

Walker Circulation and Ocean Temperature

Walker Circulation and Ocean

Walker Circulation and Ocean Temperature

Walker Circulation and Ocean

Slide 19

Walker Circulation and Ocean Temperature

Walker Circulation and Ocean

Slide 22

Slide 23

Walker Circulation and Ocean Temperature

Walker Circulation and Ocean

Slide 26

Slide 27