Lecture 4: Land Surface and Cryosphere (Outline)

Climate Roles of Land Surface

Surface Albedo

Climate Role 1: Albedo è Energy Cycle

Slide 5

Climate Role 2: Transpiration è Water Cycle

Surface Energy Balance

Heat Storage in Soil

Penetration Depth

Surface Moisture Balance

Land Surface Properties

Characteristics of Vegetation Canopy

Soil Moisture Content

Cryosphere

Why is Ice Important to Climate?

Sea Ice

Land Ice

Glacial Ice

Ice and Sea Level

Global Warming and Sea-Level Change

Sea Level Rise .vs. Sea Floor Sink

Interactions between Ice and Ocean