q Jacob Bjerknes was the first one to recognizes that El Nino is not
just an oceanic
phenomenon (in his 1969 paper).
q In stead, he hypothesized that the warm waters of El Nino and the pressure seasaw of Walker’s
Southern Oscillation
are part and parcel of the same phenomenon: the ENSO.
q Bjerknes’s hypothesis of coupled atmosphere-ocean instability
laid the foundation
for ENSO research.