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Climate Sensitivity and Feedback

Climate Changes

Tectonic Scale

Orbital Scale

Major Climate Feedback Processes

Water Vapor Feedback

Snow/Ice Albedo Feedback

Longwave Radiation Feedback

Vegetation-Climate Feedbacks

Cloud Feedback

El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

1982-83 El Nino

1997-98 El Nino

El Nino Comparisons

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Decadal Changes of ENSO

Slide 24

ENSO and PDO

Pacific Decadal Oscillation

Decadal Variations (PDO Index)

Slide 28

North Atlantic Oscillation

Positive and Negative Phases of NAO

Dynamics Behind NAO

North Atlantic Oscillation
= Arctic Oscillation
= Annular Mode

Decadal Timescale of Arctic Oscillation