Faster Warming Trend Over Lands
Climate Change on Various Time Scales
Circulation of the Solid Earth
Tectonic Control of CO2 Input – The Seafloor Spreading Rate Hypothesis
Why the Cooling over the Last 50 Myr?
Earth’s Orbit and Its Variations
How Does the Tilt Affect Climate?
Evidence of Ice Sheet Evolution
The Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 Years Ago)
IPCC AR4
Ch. 10: Global Climate Projections
IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES)
CO2 Emission for All Scenarios
Projected Surface Warming
(relative to 1980-1999)
Warming Pattern / Ocean
vs. Land
(during 2080-2099)
Vertical Distribution of Warming
Projected Changes in Cloud Cover
Projected Precipitation Changes
Projected Monsoon Precipitation Changes
Projected Precipitation Extreme
Projected Hurricane Activities
Projected Extratropical Storms
Projected Change in
Atlantic
Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)
Positive Climate-Carbon Cycle Feedback
Global Warming and Sea-Level Change
IPCC AR4
Ch. 11: Regional Climate Projections
How to Make Regional Projections?
Summary of Regional Responses - Temperature
Summary of Regional Responses - Precipitation
Projected Precipitation Changes
Key Processes to African Rainfalls
Projected Monsoon Precipitation Changes