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    | (1)
    Direct Method (a more popular method) 
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    |  | 
   
    | Step 1: Perform Fourier
    transform of y(t) to get C2(k) 
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    |  | 
   
    | Step 2: smooth C2(k) by averaging a few adjacent
    frequencies together. 
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    |  | 
   
    | or by
    averaging the spectra of a few time series together. 
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    |  | 
   
    | è both ways smooth a line spectrum to a continuous
    spectrum and 
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    | increase the degrees
    of freedom of the spectrum. 
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