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In brief, EOF analysis uses a set of orthogonal functions
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(EOFs) to represent a time series in the following way:
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Z(x,y,t) is the original time series as a function of time (t)
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and space (x, y).
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EOF(x, y) show the
spatial structures (x, y) of the major
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factors that can account for the temporal variations of Z.
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PC(t) is the principal
component that tells you how the
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amplitude of each EOF varies with time.
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