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Solar angle = 90° - (solar zenith angle)
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Solar angle = (90° - latitude of the location) + solar
declination
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Example for Toronto (located at 44°N)
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In spring equinox (March 21)
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solar declination =
0°
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solar angle = (90°
- 44°) + 0° = 46°
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In summer solstice (June 21)
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solar declination =
23.5°
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solar
angle = (90° - 44°) + 23.5° = 69.5°
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In winter solstice (December 21)
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solar declination =
-23.5°
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solar
angle = (90° - 44°) + (-23.5°) = 22.5°
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